If Conditional

1. C
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. B
10. B

A Letter to Raissa in 2020 (graduated from 3 Senior High School)

Bismillahirahmanirahim.
Hi, Raissa ! it's you writing a letter at 17.30 pm, Sunday, 2019.

So this little Raissa already planned to collage. I have plan A,B, and C.
Plan A :
I hope that in 2020 I'm studying harder and hopefully my hard work paid off and I received SNMPTN and SBMPTN in the faculty of medicine UNPAD Bandung  or UI which i have dreaming of.And I will take a specialist as a pediatrician because I realy like to heal people and taking care of them especially childrens. Because I think that I connected to childrens quickly and I'm friendly with childrens too. So that's why I want to be a pediatrician.
Plan B :
If I don't accepted in the faculty of medicine in UNPAD, UI, or UGM, I will take a gap year. Because I'm not interested at any faculties. I think that's okay for me to take a gap year because I am 1 or 2 old younger than my classmate  so I think take a gap year will not be a big problem for me eventhough I didin't want it. I hope that I will be accepted into the medical school when I graduate. In this gap year I will just study and study harder so I can accepted into the medical school in UNPAD.
Plan C :
If I still don't accepted into the medical school at UNPAD the next year, I will just continue my hobby which is swimming. Yes, I will be a swimmer again, I will be a national athlete again and make it as my job. When I collected enough medals and want to retired, I still can have a job. Because nowadays government has offeres a job to athletes as a government employees. So eventhough I don't want to retired yet, I have a double job and payed double, as a swimmer and government employee. But I really hope that this plan C didn't actually happen because I know you really want to be a doctor although you want to be a swimmer too.

I hope that your dream as a doctor come true and you can live your great life in the future. Amin

From yourself, Raissa in 10 February 2019

EDU PASSION

Hi, my name is Raissa. This is my photo when I had an interview with alumni that graduated from 3 Senior High School and has attended school in UGM till now.

PASSIVE VOICE ( scientific text )

LOCAL HONEY MIGHT HELP YOUR ALLERGIES

Despite affecting some 50 million Americans, allergies aren’t super well understood. The sparks that ignite your immune system can range from sunlight to onions, and symptoms of an attack are just as varied. For that reason, we’re spending several weeks writing about allergies—what they are, how they manifest, and how we can find relief. This is PopSci’s Allergic Reaction.

Eating local honey to prevent the springtime sniffles seems like it should work: local bees collect pollen, pollen gets into the honey, you get exposed to the allergens, and your body learns they’re safe. The belief that this works is so widespread that a group of scientists decided it was worth testing.

But first, they started with an open-label trial. That’s the technical, jargon-y term for a study where participants know whether they’re getting the real treatment or a placebo. Volunteers with seasonal  allergies showed up and were told either to eat a tablespoon of honey every day or to eat corn syrup flavored with artificial honey. 

Those eating the honey reported statistically significantly lowered symptoms—it was so promising that the researchers decided they really did need to see whether honey could help with allergies.

So they progressed to a double blind trial—one where no one knew what they were getting.

Participants this time got divided into three groups: one got local honey, one a national pasteurized honey, and one the flavored corn syrup. They ate a full tablespoon every day. If this sounds thoroughly gross to you, you are not alone. Out of 36 initial volunteers, 13 dropped out because the regimen was too sweet for them. Those who survived eating a tablespoon of honey every day for 30 weeks mailed in journals regularly tracking their perceived allergy symptoms.

By the end of the study, those who ate the honey were doing no better with their allergies than those who ate the corn syrup (though their blood sugar might have been in better shape).

It’s possible, of course, that the participants simply weren’t eating enough honey. The scientists note in their paper that oral consumption of allergens has historically been shown to be an effective way to train the immune system not to overreact. It follows that the allergens in honey should help train people’s bodies. If that’s the case, though, we’re still out of luck. Not many people will be able to tolerate eating multiple tablespoons of honey every day.

One more promising study suggests that it might also be about the type of honey. Local honey will have a variety of pollen sources, each of which may not be enough to have substantial microbial communities to train the eater’s immune system. Finnish researchers decided to test the effect of birch pollen honey—regular honey, but with added bee-collected birch pollen. Birch pollen is one of the dominant season allergy sources in Finland, so the scientists gathered volunteers who were allergic to the tree and prescribed them either regular honey or birch pollen-enriched honey. A third control group ate no honey. Those who got the extra birch pollen had significantly reduced symptoms and more symptom-free days, even more than those who got regular honey.

The one problem with this study is that the control group didn’t get a placebo. They were simply advised not to eat any honey-containing foods during the study period. It’s very possible that both forms of honey produced a strong placebo effect. The differences between the regular honey and birch pollen honey group weren’t statistically significant, so this study may be a fluke. Or, the extra pollen may really have helped. We’re still not sure.

All this being said, like all naturopathic remedies, you may genuinely feel better taking honey. These studies prove that the results you see are most likely the placebo effect—but the placebo effect can be helpful. If you believe the honey helps, then the honey helps. All that matters in the end is that you feel better, and if eating a tablespoon of honey is what enables you to spend summer days outside in the grass, you should go for it. Honey is delicious. Worst case scenario, you’re consuming a natural sweetener that’s less of a blood sugar rush than table sugar. Best case scenario, you help your allergies. It’s no surprise this particular remedy has a lot of buzz.

WHY OUR DEVICES MAKE THE SOUNDS THEY MAKE

Brian Eno was in a rut. The English artist had built a career producing legendary acts like David Bowie, The Talking Heads, and U2. But in the early 1990s, “I was completely bereft of ideas,” he told the San Francisco Chronicle. “I'd been working on my own music for a while and was quite lost, actually.” Then Microsoft called.

At that time, the Redmond, Washington-based technology company was preparing to launch Windows 95, it’s most user-friendly operating system to date. And they need a startup song, for the moments between a user pressing the “on” button and the computer actually being ready to use.

“The thing from the agency said, ‘We want a piece of music that is inspiring, universal, blah- blah, da-da-da, optimistic, futuristic, sentimental, emotional,’ this whole list of adjectives, and then at the bottom it said ‘and it must be 3 1/4 seconds long,’” Eno told the Chronicle. “In fact, I made 84 pieces. I got completely into this world of tiny, tiny little pieces of music.”

The instantly-iconic end result clocked in at 6 seconds long and had a vaguely Mr. Rogers-ish sensibility. By December 1995, it was playing for a staggering 100 million Windows 95 users.

The project, which Eno says liberated him from his creative block, marked an important moment in the increasingly close relationship between our devices and our ears. While we rarely reflect on the sounds our laptops, cell phones, and tablets make—and few today play “piece[s] of music” quite like Eno’s Windows 95 composition—every click, clack, and whoosh is crafted crafted. Across platforms, software engineers, user experience designers, and sound branding experts share a common goal: to help us make sense of our technology, and keep us coming back for more.

Age of the earcon

Companies have use sounds to subtly reinforce their brand’s message for almost a century. Early examples include the NBC chimes, which received the first trademark for sound alone from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, and MGM’s lions, which first roared in 1928.

But the field really rose to prominence in the 1990s, alongside the rapid development of new consumer technology. Phone companies may have all offered the same service, but they wanted to stand out from their competitors, and hopefully draw more customers in the process.

“There’s a huge element of branding with sound,” says Karen Kaushansky, a user experience designer with more than 20 years of experience. “When you’re building a product for a certain company, what is the meaning we want to put into that sound? And does the brand itself have some audio characteristics or components that can go into the sound?”

In the late 1980s, Apple was faced with its own sonic branding problem. Every time Macintosh computers rebooted, they played called “the devil’s interval." “It’s any two tones that are three whole steps apart and played at the same time, like middle C plus the F# above it,” the authors of The Sonic Boom: How Sound Transforms the Way We Think, Feel, and Buy explained. “It’s disconcerting, provoking a feeling of agitation and anxiety.”

So Jim Reekes, one of Apple’s engineers, decided to change it. “I thought, I gotta have this meditative sound,” Reekes told The Sonic Boom authors Joel Beckerman with Tyler Gray. “I used to joke about it being a palate cleanser for the ears.” He found what he was looking for in a fading C-major chord in stereo. Company executives were opposed to the “earcon” (a word that means, roughly, “sound icon”), but Reekes managed to sneak his calming chord onto the Macintosh Quadra 700 computer, which debuted in 1991, anyway. Just as Reekes anticipated, the sound was a hit with users.

Attention-seeking design

Sound has proven a natural fit in a UX designer’s attention-grabbing toolkit. Bright colors and lights keep our eyeballs hooked, and variable content means our brain's itch is never totally scratched. It's even easier to attract our ears. “The specific range, where a baby cries—a lot of devices are tuned to that frequency,” says Amber Case, a user experience designer and author of the forthcoming book, Designing Products with Sound: Principles and Patterns for Mixed Environments with Aaron Day.

The Marimba ringtone is just one example of sound design capitalizing on our sensitivity to these frequencies. In the 1950s, Bell Labs, which grew out of telephone inventor Alexander Graham Bell’s research facilities, was hard at work studying ringers. They tested sounds of all stripes, from musical trills to buzzers. They found that sounds in the range of human hearing that pulsed from near-silence to full sound over a period of 3 to 5 seconds were most successful at capturing our attention.

The Marimba meets all of these criteria, which is why it became one of iPhone’s most successful ringtones. “The sound is unique enough that the human brain could easily detect the sound even when layered in a crowded soundscape,” sound consultant Brian Rommelle wrote in a short history of the tone. “It is as annoying perhaps to us today as the original [B]ell telephone ringers were to our grandparents, but in the end, that's the point.”

Sounds of the future

Sound design is also important in guiding a user through a potentially complicated interface. When an iPhone user types, for example, they hear a click-clack sound like the keys on a keyboard or typewriter. “You need to have these metaphors,” says Cliff Kuang, author of the forthcoming book “User Friendly: How the Hidden Rules of Design are Changing the Way We Live, Work, and Play”with Robert Fabricant. “This is how new experiences get introduced.”

The keyboard sound, and others like it, are examples of skeuomorphism, a common device that builds associations by mimicking an action’s real life counterpart. It’s the same principle behind the crumpling sound you hear when you put a document (that looks like a paper file) in a waste bin (that looks like a real garbage can, loaded with already crumpled papers) on a Macbook.

“The most famous examples among UX designers is the actual sound of the lock screen on an iPhone,” Kuang says. “It was an association between, ‘Oh, yeah, I can feel that lock snapping because I heard that sound.’ There was a sort of synesthesia to it.” Of course, brand still matters—every platform has their own sound dictionary, with slightly different dings and pings—but usability is at the core of this practice. “A whoosh is a whoosh is a whoosh, but everybody designs that swooping sound slightly differently,” Kuang says.

In recent years, some UX designers have begun to question whether sticking with the familiar skeuomorphic approach still works, or if it’s time make more useful and intuitive sounds from scratch. For her part, Kaushansky is currently hard at work on designing sonic experiences for robots and autonomous vehicles. When asked if driverless cars will mimic sounds in current cars, for nostalgia’s sake or the comfort of passengers and pedestrians, she’s skeptical.

“Horns are kind of dumb. There’s no meaning in the horn you hear. You hear a honk and look around, like, was that for me? There’s no way to know right now,” she says. “We could be doing a lot better job between a ‘toot toot’—a ‘thanks’—versus and ‘errr’—a ‘get out of the way!’”

By disentangling emerging technology from ineffectual practices of the past, Kaushansky thinks “we could make our roads safer, or better, or even more interesting.”

As certain chirps become familiar, tastes change, or design theory moves in a new direction, many sounds are eventually retired. Microsoft stopped supporting Windows 95 in 2001. And Apple phased out startup sounds for Macbooks in 2016. But the best earcons live on, in countless YouTube clips and the memories of old school users. And if designers and engineers have their way, the sounds currently under development for autonomous vehicles, robots, or revamped social media platforms will have the same effect on users of the future.

----- PASSIVE VOICE

----- ACTIVE VOICE

Analytical Exposition Text

Make an eksposition text

The Danger of Technology

         Technology have bern invented and inplementid over the years, innovations such as modern technology, internet, television, and handphones or gadget. The internet made the world a smaller place, united people of all nations and languages. Indeed, technology has done amazing things for us, without knowing the technology has a bad impact too. Especially for young generation who introduced to technology at an earlier stage. Because of that it is important to be aware of the dangerous sides of technology. For example is television. Nowadays, almost all homes have television. Television contains manu program in it such as adult programs. Does not rule out the possibility of small children watching adult shows.

         The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that kids under 2 years old not watch any TV and those older than 2 watch no more than 1 or 2 hours a day. From the data, the first 2 years of life considered as a critical time for brain development. Which means the older the kid gets and more TV shows are seen affect their life.
         I think with so many TV shows that are seen by children is bad for their healthy. Such as reduced eye ability to see because their eyes rarely blink while watching TV. Sitting on the sofa and watching TV spent more than 2 hours per day. For children, watching too much TV shows affect to their school results like decreased the exam score.
         For children in the golden age in the imitation period to everything they saw. They imitate all acts or language that the artists said wheter it was good or not. This become bad if they imitate fighting actions to their friends or saying bad languages.
         Television or other technology is entertaining, but not all shows are worth to be watched by children. Television contains a lot of variety shows, not all of the shows are suitable for children. There are many contents for adult that showed in television which is possible for kids to watch it accidentally.
          Because of that role of parents are very important. Watching TV or use gadget too much make children follow everything from there. Before it became their habits, it is important for parents to watch out their kids while using any technology before their kid’s eyes get irritated because although technology give us so many benefits, it still bad for under age people.

FORMAL INVITATION

  INVITATION

• Make an invitation card ( in a group)

GROUP	NAME OF THE HOST	PHRASING INVITATION	KIND OF EVENT	DATE	TIME	VENUE	SPECIAL INSTRUCTION	R.S.V.P
Group 1		ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü
Group 2		ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü
Group 3		ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü
Group 4		ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü
Group 5		ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü
Group 6		ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü	ü

 

Debate;Arguments (pro and contra)

〽️Topic : freedom for women at midnight in saudi arabia
-  pro : women should have the right,because there is a lot of criminals,and the women should have driving license. female are able to go outside.
- con : disagree,because its too dangerous so women should be accompanied by someone else. driving license just give more possibilities for women to be criminals. even women could defense herself, we don’t know what men could do (bring guns or something else).

〽️Topic : more school get solar panel
- pro : reduce the electricity bills,effective,can be profit,is not easily broken,reduce unemployeed bc its a new possibility for employee.
- con : PLN would not be used,higher price,more debt which left unpaid bc we need more budget.


〽️Topic : THW ban odd-even policy to run in Jakarta
-Pro : not necessary (traffic level is still the same, 70% respondents think like that. It causes a lot of problems (late for work), alternative area is congested (no more alternative route), people can trick this policy. Google feature got errors.
-Con : In fact this policy is not only decrease the traffic, but also teach people to use public transportation. Google feature is about technical problems, not caused by the policy.